A derivative is a contract between two parties. The underlying asset determines its worth, which in turn determines its price changes. The market divides derivatives into two main groups: commodity derivatives and financial derivatives. Commodity derivatives link to physical goods people can touch and move. These include metals, farm products, energy resources, and valuable stones….
Zimbabwe gained independence from Britain in 1980, inheriting deep structural inequalities in land ownership that stemmed from colonial rule. These disparities created severe economic and social challenges for the newly independent nation. The Lancaster House Agreement of 1979 established conditions for the post-independence government but made swift action against these inequalities difficult. The statistics paint…
Zimbabwe gained independence from Britain in 1980 and inherited deep inequalities in land ownership. The Lancaster House Agreement of 1979 restricted the new government’s ability to address these economic and social imbalances. The situation became stark: In 2000, approximately 4,500 white commercial farmers controlled 42 percent of Zimbabwe’s agricultural land, representing just 0.03 percent of…
Land reform means changing who owns or controls farmland. These changes happen through laws and government programs that give land to people who work on it. This article explains how land reform works and what it means for farmers and countries. What Land Reform Does Land reform divides large tracts of farmland into smaller pieces….
When governments take private property without fair payment, they create a problem called expropriation. This practice makes people afraid to invest money or start businesses. The fear stops economic growth because people want to keep their belongings safe. Property Rights and Economic Activity People need to feel secure about keeping what they own. This security…
Land expropriation without compensation means taking private property from owners through government action without paying them money. This practice differs from standard land acquisition processes where property owners receive payment equal to market value. Many countries have debated and used this method throughout history, leading to major changes in land ownership patterns. What Land Expropriation…
A bill starts as an idea. Members of Congress or state legislatures write these ideas into official documents, which spell out changes they want to make to current laws or suggest new laws. People often confuse bills with acts, but they represent different stages in lawmaking. Bills need many changes and approvals before they become…
The Expropriation Act 2024 represents significant legislation in South Africa regarding property rights and land reform. This new law, signed into effect in December 2024, establishes clear procedures and guidelines for the government’s ability to expropriate property for public purposes or public interest. Main Features and Purpose The Act aims to provide fair and equitable…
The South African Expropriation Bill 2020 is significant legislation regarding property rights and land reform in South Africa. This comprehensive analysis examines its key aspects and implications. Background and Context The Expropriation Bill 2020 emerged from South Africa’s ongoing efforts to address historical land ownership inequalities stemming from apartheid-era policies. The bill aims to provide…
A direct writer is a specific type of insurance company that sells policies directly to customers or through dedicated agents. This approach differs from traditional insurance distribution methods. Direct writers have changed how people purchase insurance, making the process simpler and often less expensive. What Makes a Direct Writer Different Direct writers operate without intermediaries…
