When something terrible happens to your property, like a fire or flood, it can mean you can’t use that property anymore. Maybe it’s a store where you sell things or a factory where you make stuff. You lose money if your business has to shut down because of this damage. Even if insurance pays to…
Consensus earnings is a fancy word that bankers and investors use. It means the average of many guesses about how much money a company will make. These guesses are made by people called financial analysts who study the company. What are Earnings? Before discussing consensus earnings, let’s chat about regular earnings first. Earnings is just…
A supervisory board is part of the leadership of some kinds of companies in France. These companies use something called a “dual board” system. This means they have two separate boards that lead the company. The supervisory board keeps an eye on the management board. The management board handles the day-to-day running of the company….
A confirmed letter of credit is a way for banks to guarantee payments in international trade deals. It’s an extra layer of security on top of a regular letter of credit. With a confirmed letter of credit, a second bank steps up and says, “We’ve got your back.” They promise to pay the seller (the…
Let’s say you want to know something about a big group of things or people. Maybe how much money people make on average in a country. You can’t go asking every single person – no way! That’d take forever. What do you do then? You pick a smaller bunch of people, just a snippet of…
A conduit is a unique company or trust made to buy assets. The assets are for securitization or asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). Sometimes, a private company like a bank or securities firm makes the conduit. They are called the sponsor. Sometimes, the government makes the conduit, too. The sponsor sells or gives assets to the…
A conditional put convertible bond is a special kind of bond. It’s a bond that can change into something else – stock shares in the company that gave out the bond. That’s why it’s called a “convertible” bond. The “conditional put” part means the person who owns the bond can choose to sell it back…
Conditional Prepayment Rate, or CPR for short, is a percentage rate used in the investing world. It pertains to some special types of investments called mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. Those are fancy names, but all they really mean is bundles of home loans that are packaged and sold to investors. See, when people…
Facultative reinsurance is a type of reinsurance. Reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies. With facultative reinsurance, an insurance company buys reinsurance for individual insurance policies one at a time. This is different from treaty reinsurance, where an insurance company has an agreement with a reinsurance company to reinsure many insurance policies automatically. How facultative reinsurance…
Insurance companies buy special insurance for themselves. They call this reinsurance. Reinsurance protects insurance companies if they have to pay a lot to the people and businesses they insure. Insurance companies and reinsurance companies make deals called reinsurance contracts. The reinsurance contracts say what the insurance and reinsurance companies must do. The contracts also say…
